The human body produces over 7,000 known peptides, and each one performs a specific function. This ranges from regulating your digestive system to promoting cell growth and healing, bone and muscle regeneration, sleep regulation, weight loss, and more.
Peptides are essentially the raw material that makes up protein in the body and are comprised of amino acids. These chains of amino acids are then assembled into larger proteins through a process called peptide bonding. They are categorized as biological polymers and belong to the broad group of oligomers, alongside polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and polypeptides.
Interestingly, peptides are also used as drugs and they act as mighty messengers that trigger cells and tissues to perform a full spectrum of essential biological functions. They are often compared to antibodies, as they can specifically target certain molecules or cells without having the off-target effects that can occur with small molecule drugs. Two examples of peptide-based drugs include Herceptin (trastuzumab) for breast cancer and Humira (adalimumab) for rheumatoid arthritis.
When applied topically, peptides act as little messengers that tell skin to produce more collagen and elastin while helping smooth the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. They can also inhibit nerve signals that cause muscles to contract, thereby softening them. They are often touted as a non-invasive alternative to Botox and have proven to be very effective at softening fine lines and wrinkles without any of the side effects that can occur with botox.